Why Ethiopia Celebrates Christmas on January 7

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia – Ethiopia is marking Christmas, locally known as Genna or Lidet, today, January 7, 2025. The celebration stands out because it is rooted in the ancient Julian calendar, which differs from the Gregorian calendar used by most of the world.

This tradition is followed by Ethiopian Orthodox Christians, who represent a significant portion of the country’s population.

The Julian Calendar and Its Religious Significance

The Julian calendar, introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE, is approximately 13 days behind the Gregorian calendar due to differences in leap year calculations. While much of the world transitioned to the Gregorian calendar in the 16th century to better align with the solar year, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, like other Eastern Orthodox communities, retained the Julian system for its liturgical calendar.

As a result, religious festivals, including Christmas, fall on later dates. This is why Ethiopian Orthodox Christians celebrate Christmas on January 7 rather than December 25.

Spiritual and Cultural Observances

Genna is a deeply spiritual event for Ethiopians, centred on the commemoration of the birth of Jesus Christ. Preparations begin weeks in advance, as the faithful observe a fasting period known as the Advent fast, during which they abstain from meat, dairy, and other animal products.

On the eve of Genna, worshippers attend an all-night church service, often dressed in traditional white garments called habesha libs. The service includes prayers, chants, and the reading of Biblical scriptures in the ancient Ge’ez language. At dawn, church bells ring out, signalling the end of the service and the start of Christmas Day celebrations.

Traditional Festivities

Outside of religious practices, Genna is celebrated with community gatherings, feasts, and traditional games. Families prepare special meals featuring doro wat (spicy chicken stew) served with injera (a sourdough flatbread). Homes are often decorated with colourful candles and ornaments, while children play traditional games, including a type of hockey believed to have given Genna its name.

In rural areas, some communities re-enact the nativity story, complete with songs and dances. These cultural expressions blend Ethiopia’s rich heritage with its strong religious traditions.

Global Connection

Ethiopia’s celebration of Genna reflects its deep connection to Orthodox Christianity, which dates back to the 4th century when the country adopted Christianity as its state religion. Along with Ethiopia, other Orthodox Christian nations, including Russia, Egypt, and Serbia, also celebrate Christmas on January 7.

Conclusion

Ethiopia’s observance of Christmas on January 7 serves as a reminder of the country’s historical and spiritual adherence to the Julian calendar. For Ethiopians, Genna is not just a day of festivity but a time of prayer, reflection, and unity that underscores the enduring significance of their faith and culture.